Exoplanets, Habitable Zones, and Mass/Weight

1. Short answer: How many confirmed exoplanets are there? How many of those confirmed planets reside in multi-planetary systems? (1 point) 2. Explain: What is a habitable zone? (2 points) 3. Short answer: What are the two other planets that reside within the habitable zone in the Solar System? (1 point) 4. Explain: What is weight and how does it differ from weightlessness? (2 points) 5. Ceres, a dwarf planet, resides in the asteroid belt of the solar system. James Holden, Naomi Nagata, Julie Mao, and Detective Josephus Miller are on a space station that is on Ceres. The dwarf planet has a mass of ?????? = 9.393×1020 ?? and a radius of ?????? = 4.73×105 ?. Find the weights of Holden, Naomi, Julie, and Detective Miller if they were on the surface of Ceres. You can work with pounds in this problem. There is no need to convert from pounds to kilograms. Use the following equations: ?????? = ? ?????? ?????? 2 (???ℎ ????? ?? ? ? 2) , ? = 6.67×10−11??2 ??2 , and ?????ℎ = 9.8 ? ? 2 . (6 points) a) James Holden: 167 ??? with 7 ??? of gear b) Naomi Nagata: 133 ??? with 8 ??? of gear c) Juliette Andromeda Mao: 128 ??? with no gear d) Detective Josephus Miller: 156 ??? with 3 ??? of gear 6. The star Tau Ceti is about 11.90 ?? from Earth. One of its unconfirmed planets, Tau Ceti e, has a mass of ???? ???? ? = 1.557×1030 ?? and a radius of ???? ???? ? = 5.515×108 ? and is also about 11.90 ?? from Earth. As a new summer intern at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, it is your job to figure out how long it will take to send a rover, traveling on a spacecraft that is going at 50% of the speed of light, to reach Tau Ceti e. The rover will be touching down on the planet so you must also calculate how much the 673 ?? rover will weigh once it is on the surface of the planet. Note: you can assume that the spacecraft is traveling at a constant speed of 50% of the speed of light from Earth to Tau Ceti e. You can work with pounds in this problem. There is no need to convert from pounds to kilograms. (4 points) 7. Once the rover from problem #5 has touched down it sends a signal back to Earth at the speed of light. How long will it take for technicians at JPL to receive that data from the rover? (1 point) 8. If you got to name the rover what would you name it? (1 point) 9. Explain: What is the tolerable amount of g-forces a relatively healthy human can experience for an extended period? How does this compare to the g-forces experienced by astronauts during a rocket launch? (2 points)