Global Policy Reform

Global Policy Reform Order Description paper in APA format with proper citation, reference, doi number, please check grammar and spelling Chamberlain College of Nursing-NR-506 Health Care Policy Global Policy Reform (graded) In the article by Kohl, H.W., Craig, C. L., Lambert, E.V., Inoue, S., Alkandari, J.R., Leetonngin, G., Kahlmeier, K. (2012), a systems approach to dealing with the global issue of physical inactivity is discussed. Describe how you would advocate for increased physical activity in the global arena. Who would be the key stakeholders and how would you get them involved in this policy? Reference Mason, D. J., Gardner, D. B., Outlaw, F. H., & O'Grady, E. T. (Eds). (2016). Policy & politics in nursing and healthcare (7th ed.). Retrieved from http://online.vitalsource.com � Chapter 87: Human Trafficking: The Need for Nursing Advocacy � Chapter 91: International Health and Nursing Policy and Politics Today: A Snapshot � Chapter 92: Infectious Disease: A Global Perspective Kohl, H.W., Craig, C. L., Lambert, E.V., Inoue, S., Alkandari, J.R., Leetonngin, G., Kahlmeier, K. (2012). The pandemic of physical inactivity: Global action for public health. The Lancet 380(9838) 294-305. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60898-8. link to article Farrer, L., Marinetti, C., Cavaco, Y., Costongs, C. (2015). Advocacy for health equity: A synthesis review.The Milbank Quarterly 93(2) 392-437. doi: 10.1111/1468- 0009.121122-4. link to article McMichael, A.J., Globalization, climate change, and human health. (2013). New England Journal of Medicine, 368, 1335-1343. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1109341. link to article Meetoo, D. (2013). The setting of healthcare priorities through public engagement. British Journal of Nursing, 22(7), 372-376. link to article Introduction During this final week, the issues affecting the international community are explored. It is important to consider how actions in our own community impact the global community. We will examine issues that influence policy and policy making at local, state, national, and international levels. Finally, we will discuss global alliances, partnerships, and nursing's advocacy role in world health issues. Nursing in the International Context As noted previously, advances in technology have impacted the interrelationships between global communities. In essence, we are all in one big global community and in healthcare, one nation's problems belong to all of us. A nurse in today's world needs to understand health, illness, and coping strategies from many different cultural perspectives. To meet our nursing needs in the United States, we have relied upon nurses from other countries. The International Council of Nurses (ICN) implemented principles to support recruitment and retention of these nurses, such as orientation, mentoring, providing a safe work environment, and more. But how does bringing in nurses from other countries help us here in the United States? In the short-term, it alleviates the nursing shortage. However, until we develop viable solutions to fix the cause of our nursing shortage here, we are not addressing the root of the problem itself. As you know from last week's lesson, nurses turn to collective bargaining as a direct result of unsatisfactory workplace conditions. International Healthcare Concerns There are several pressing healthcare concerns on our global plate at present. Africa, in particular, suffers from pervasive poverty, hunger, and disease. The Group of Eight (G8), comprised of France, Canada, Italy, Germany, Japan, Russia, the United States, and the United Kingdom, meet yearly to discuss national and international political and economic issues. At these annual summits, each member nation makes health commitments and pledges to support other countries that are especially in need. Not surprisingly, the G8 tends to perform better when the health issue most directly affects the citizens in G8 countries or some aspect of the situation controlled by the G8 member state. In addition, the G8 performs better in a biomedical model designed to deal with acute disease outbreaks, so little emphasis is placed on health promotion. Consider why that might be the case. What can be done to restructure the healthcare policies of the G8? Why aren't nurse leaders working to shore up that lack of health promotion emphasis? What price is our global community paying for the focus on an illness-approach model? It is important for the G8 to collaborate with the World Health Organization (WHO). By doing this, the G8 health ministers could better structure support and services. The G8 aid pledged to Africa is a priority, but nurses and other stakeholders need to monitor this situation and focus lobbying efforts on ensuring that this pledge is upheld. The education of women in underdeveloped countries is a particularly urgent issue because women make up 70% of the absolute poor. Studies have demonstrated that education aimed at women improves the chances that the next generation will, in turn, be educated. Education can focus on controlled fertility, general health and nutrition education, infant mortality issues, or other issues as dictated by local priorities. The International Council of Nurses (ICN) has written guidelines for how nurses and healthcare professionals can make a positive health impact on individuals living in poverty. These initiatives are similar to those community-based approaches discussed during Week 7 of this course. Among the ICN initiatives are the shift to community-based approaches to healthcare, involvement of family and community in defining problems and seeking solutions, and a focus on the impact of poverty on women and vulnerable groups. These initiatives are especially applicable to the huge problems of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which includes infected infants and orphans. In addition, HIV and AIDS dramatically affect the caregivers and nurses who have become infected through unsafe working environments in those developing countries. Similar to U.S. community-based nursing care, the global community benefits greatly when nurses organize. Nursing organizations in various countries present unified voices and efforts to advocate for vulnerable populations. The World Health Organization has been painfully slow to recognize and include nursing. With the current international nursing shortage and the increase in diseases and costs, the lobbying efforts of the ICN may change this situation. The World Health Professions Alliance is very effective in addressing key healthcare issues in addition to structural aspects, such as human resources planning, HIV/AIDS, ethical issues, and human rights issues or emerging issues such as Ebola or the Zika virus. Still, we have a long way to go. So many of the world's (and our own) health problems can be addressed using a wellness and health promotion approach, a proactive model rather than a reactive model. Do you remember those early nurse leaders we discussed at the beginning of this course? What about their contributions and the impact on our quality of life here in the United States? Why can't we examine the work they did so long ago, the circumstances in which they did it, and carry that forward into our own communities and the world at large? Summary What can you do to get involved on an international level? It is as simple as thinking globally and acting locally. The theory of complex adaptive systems discussed during Week 1 shows that what happens on the other side of the world really does affect what we do here in our own communities. Begin the journey to international advocacy by educating yourself about healthcare policy issues. You have taken the first step by completing this course. Now, pass it on to your colleagues! Use the work you did as part of this course as a stepping stone to progress to the next level of professional development and advocacy. And remember to use supportive evidence to confirm that nursing's contributions to healthcare and policy issues are valuable. References National Institute of Health, (2015). Retrieved from www.fic.nih.gov.