iteria outlined by Pyrczak (12 criteria for titles and 7 criteria for abstracts),

iteria outlined by Pyrczak (12 criteria for titles and 7 criteria for abstracts), Using the criteria outlined by Pyrczak (12 criteria for titles and 7 criteria for abstracts), evaluate the titles and abstracts of the 14 articles in the attached file. Answer the following questions: 1) What is the best title among these 14 articles? Explain why. 2) What is the worst title among these 14 articles? Explain why. 3) What is the best abstract among these 14 articles? Explain why. 4) What is the worst abstract among these 14 articles? Explain why. 5) In the UNH databases, find an article (on any CJ topic) that you think has a badly written title according to Pyrczak's criteria. Copy and paste the article title here and explain why it is not good. When answering the above questions, make sure to explain your answers clearly, using Pyrczak's criteria. Article 1 JUSTICE QUARTERLY VOLUME 27 NUMBER 6 (DECEMBER 2010) ISSN 0741-8825 print/1745-9109 online/10/060803-32 © 2010 Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences DOI: 10.1080/07418820903379628 On the Malleability of Self-Control: Theoretical and Policy Implications Regarding a General Theory of Crime Alex R. Piquero, Wesley G. Jennings and David P. Farrington Taylor and Francis RJQY_A_438140.sgm 10.1080/07418820903379628 Justice Quarterly 0741-8825 (print)/1745-9109 (online) Original Article 2009 Taylor & Francis 00 0 0000002009 Dr DavidFarrington [email protected] Gottfredson and Hirschi’s general theory of crime has generated significant controversy and research, such that there now exists a large knowledge base regarding the importance of self-control in regulating antisocial behavior over the life-course. Reviews of this literature indicate that self-control is an impor- tant correlate of antisocial activity. Some research has evaluated programmatic efforts designed to examine the extent to which self-control is malleable, but little empirical research on this issue has been carried out within criminology, largely because the theorists have not paid much attention to policy proscrip- tions. This study evaluates the extant research on the effectiveness of programs designed to improve self-control up to age 10 among children and adolescents, and assesses the effects of these programs on self-control and delinquency/ crime. Meta-analytic results indicate that (1) self-control programs improve a child/adolescent’s self-control, (2) these interventions also reduce delinquency, and (3) the positive effects generally hold across a number of different modera- tor variables and groupings as well as by outcome source (parent-, teacher-, direct observer-, self-, and clinical report). Theoretical and policy implications are also discussed. Keywords self-control; prevention; intervention; general theory; malleability Alex R. Piquero is a professor in the College of Criminology and Criminal Justice at Florida State University and the co-editor of the Journal of Quantitative Criminology . His research interests include criminal careers, criminological theory, and quantitative research methods. Wesley G. Jennings is an assistant professor in the Department of Justice Administration at the University of Louisville. He received his PhD from the University of Florida in 2007. His major research interests include longitudinal data analysis, semi-parametric group-based modeling, meta-analytic methods, and race/ethnicity. David P. Farrington is a professor of psychological criminology at Cambridge University. His main research is on the development of offending from childhood to adulthood, and he is director of the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development, which is a longitudinal study of 411 London males from age 8 to age 48. Correspondence to: David P. Farrington, Institute of Crimi- nology, University of Cambridge, Sidgwick Avenue, Cambridge, UK. E-mail: [email protected] Downloaded By: [State University of New York at Albany] At: 18:34 1 November 2010 Article 2 73 Risk Factors for Child and Adolescent Maltreatment A Longitudinal Investigation of a Cohort of Inner-City Youth Joshua P. Mersky University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee Lawrence M. Berger University of Wisconsin–Madison Arthur J. Reynolds University of Minnesota–Twin Cities Andrea N. Gromoske University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee This study investigates associations between individual, family, and extrafamilial factors and the likelihood of subsequent childhood and adolescent maltreatment. The authors analyzed 1,411 participants in the Chicago Longitudinal Study whose maltreatment records were verified from administrative data. Findings suggest that maternal age at the child’s birth was a robust predictor of maltreatment outcomes. Receipt of public assistance and single-parent family status were significant ly associated with select outcomes. Among school-age indicators examined, parent participation in school was negatively associated with most maltreatment outcomes. Participation in the Chicago Child-Parent Center program was negatively associated with maltreatment, although effects varied by type and timing of maltreatment. In separate analyses, several factors were associated with neglect, but only maternal age at the child’s birth was associated with physical abuse. Findings suggest that prevention programs may need to target select populations and specific mechanisms associated with different types of maltreatment to maximize effectiveness. Keywords: etiology; ecological models; neglect; physical abuse; longitudinal research; prevention P revailing ecological and transactional theories posit that child abuse and neglect emerge through complex processes influenced by numerous factors across multi- ple contexts (Belsky, 1993; Cicchetti & Lynch, 1993; Cicchetti & Toth, 1995). Guided by these conceptual models, the field has increasingly moved toward replac- ing narrowly focused prediction models with multifac- torial configurations. Analyses that advance our understanding of maltreatment and its etiology are likely to simultaneously examine an array of child, family, and extrafamilial antecedents to maltreatment. However, studies using the kinds of comprehensive frameworks needed to differentiate the effects of interrelated factors are still in the minority. This study is grounded in an ecological–transactional approach, which conceptualizes child maltreatment as being associated with multiple factors, including parent and child characteristics as well as elements of the broader environment in which children and families reside and function (Belsky, 1993; Cicchetti & Lynch, 1993; Cicchetti & Toth, 1995). This perspective main- tains that no single factor or set of factors can be expected to “cause” child maltreatment (Belsky, 1993). Rather, any or all of these factors may independently or interdependently contribute to the probability that a child is abused or neglected. As such, we do not attempt to provide a causal explanation for abuse or neglect. Instead, we describe the likelihood that children were Child Maltreatment Vo l u m e 1 4 N u m b e r 1 February 2009 73-88 © 2009 Sage Publications 10.1177/1077559508318399 http://cm.sagepub.com hosted at http://online.sagepub.com Author’s Note: Please address correspondence to Joshua Patrick Mersky, Department of Social Work, University of Wisconsin, Enderis Hall 1177, Milwaukee, WI 53201; [email protected]. at UNIV OF NEW HAVEN LIBRARY on June 4, 2012 cmx.sagepub.com Downloaded from Article 3 Families in Poverty: Those Who Maltreat Their Infants and Toddlers and Those Who Do Not Maria Scannapieco, PhD Kelli Connell Carrick, PhD ABSTRACT. Children in poverty are at increased risk of maltreatment (Sedlak, 1997), but not all children living in poverty are maltreated. Iden- tifying the differences between families who maltreat and those who do not is imperative to helping families in need. This paper presents findings from a research study looking at correlates of maltreatment and how they are related to poverty for our most vulnerable of children, infants and tod- dlers. It is reported that significant differences exist between families who live in poverty that maltreat their children and those who do not. Important practice and policy implications are discussed. [Article copies available for afeefromTheHaworthDocumentDeliveryService:1-800-HAWORTH.E-mailad- dress: <[email protected]> Website: <http://www. HaworthPress. com> © 2003 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved.] KEYWORDS. Family, poverty, child maltreatment, infant, toddler Two social phenomenons that impact families and children with dev- astating multifaceted consequences are poverty and child maltreatment. The most developmentally vulnerable of all our children are those six years of age and younger. Unfortunately, this is the group of children Maria Scannapieco is Professor and Director, Center for Child Welfare, School of Social Work, University of Texas at Arlington, Box 19129, Arlington, TX 76019 (E-mail: [email protected]). Kelli Connell Carrick is Assistant Professor, School of Social Work, University of Texas, El Paso. Journal of Family Social Work, Vol. 7(3) 2003 http://www.haworthpress.com/web/JFSW © 2003 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved. Digital Object Identifier: 10.1300/J039v07n03_04 49 Article 4 10.1177/0886260505278718 JOURNAL OF INTERPERSON AL VIOLENCE / November 2005 MacDonald et al. / Y OUTH VIOLENCE The Relationship Between Life Satisfaction, Risk-Taking Behaviors, and Youth Violence JOHN M. M AC DONALD RAND Corporation ALEX R. PIQUERO University of Florida ROBERT F. VALOIS University of South Carolina KEITH J. ZULLIG Miami University of Ohio This study builds on existing criminological theories and examines the ro le of life sat- isfaction and self-control in explaining youth violence. Using data from a stratified cluster sample of 5,414 public high school students who responded to the South Carolina Youth Risk Behavior Survey, the study examines the relationship between adolescents’ perceptions of life satisfaction, behavioral risky acts, and self-reported acts of violence. Analyses indicate that higher levels of life satisfaction are associ- ated with lower violence. Participation in work and involvement in health-related risk-taking behaviors pertaining to sex, drugs, and alcohol are also associated with increased violence. The implications of these findings for criminological theory and for school-based violence prevention programs are discussed. Keywords: youth violence; life satisfaction; risk taking Youth violence has become an issue of growing concern within the fields of public health and criminology (Blum et al., 2000). The prominence of this issue has been highlighted by the fact that adolescent homicide and victim - ization rates in the United States have remained high compared to rates in other industrialized nations (Snyder & Sickmund, 1999). With regard to homicide and robbery, data indicate significant increases for juvenile offend - ers starting in the late 1980s and a subsequent decline beginning in the mid- 1495 Authors’ Note: The opinions reflected in this article are those of the authors and do not repre - sent the official positions of the RAND Corporation or its clients. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE, Vol. 20 No. 11, November 2005 1495-1518 DOI: 10.1177/0886260505278718 © 2005 Sage Publications by guest on June 3, 2012 jiv.sagepub.com Downloaded from 10.1177/0886260505278718 JOURNAL OF INTERPERSON AL VIOLENCE / November 2005 MacDonald et al. / Y OUTH VIOLENCE The Relationship Between Life Satisfaction, Risk-Taking Behaviors, and Youth Violence JOHN M. M AC DONALD RAND Corporation ALEX R. PIQUERO University of Florida ROBERT F. VALOIS University of South Carolina KEITH J. ZULLIG Miami University of Ohio This study builds on existing criminological theories and examines the ro le of life sat- isfaction and self-control in explaining youth violence. Using data from a stratified cluster sample of 5,414 public high school students who responded to the South Carolina Youth Risk Behavior Survey, the study examines the relationship between adolescents’ perceptions of life satisfaction, behavioral risky acts, and self-reported acts of violence. Analyses indicate that higher levels of life satisfaction are associ- ated with lower violence. Participation in work and involvement in health-related risk-taking behaviors pertaining to sex, drugs, and alcohol are also associated with increased violence. The implications of these findings for criminological theory and for school-based violence prevention programs are discussed. Keywords: youth violence; life satisfaction; risk taking Youth violence has become an issue of growing concern within the fields of public health and criminology (Blum et al., 2000). The prominence of this issue has been highlighted by the fact that adolescent homicide and victim - ization rates in the United States have remained high compared to rates in other industrialized nations (Snyder & Sickmund, 1999). With regard to homicide and robbery, data indicate significant increases for juvenile offend - ers starting in the late 1980s and a subsequent decline beginning in the mid- 1495 Authors’ Note: The opinions reflected in this article are those of the authors and do not repre - sent the official positions of the RAND Corporation or its clients. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE, Vol. 20 No. 11, November 2005 1495-1518 DOI: 10.1177/0886260505278718 © 2005 Sage Publications by guest on June 3, 2012 jiv.sagepub.com