Language Fact Sheet "Korean Language"

Language Fact Sheet "Korean Language" Order Description In the fact sheet, you will include: 1. Overview of the language (e.g. history, context, varieties and dialects within the language). 2. Linguistic structures (phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics features). 3. Implications for instruction (e.g. similarities and differences between the home language and English, common learner mistakes due to home language influence, instructional methods and strategies). 4. Resources (e.g. resources for learners such as online dictionary, idiom comparison list; resources for teachers, and resources for home literacy. Shanghai Dialect ??? or ?? Linguistic Structure ?? Dialects in China are not mutually intelligible ?? Phonology: ??30 consonants and 14 vowels; ??syllables are quick and direct; ??average syllable is 30% shorter than Mandarin ?? Morphology: ??rich vocabulary representing local features; ??vocabulary does not always have equivalents in Mandarin; ??has over 100 cognates with Tai ?? Syntax: ??Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) oriented with mandarin influence of SVO; ??precise particles are used to indicate tense (similar to Japanese) ?? Semantics & Pragmatics: ??mixed-code use is commonly observed in daily conversations: ?? call ? (someone called you) TESOL for ALL Fact Sheet Date: June 2011 Useful Phrases ?? ?? (hueugnin) — Welcome ?? ?? (non hô) — Hello ?? ???? (non hôva?) —How are you? ?? ???,?? (ngû mhehô, jâja) — I am fine. Thank you. ?? ?? (tzewe) / ??? (mintzo-wê ) — Goodbye ?? ??? (cihdih?) — How much? ?? ??? (tehveqchi) —Sorry ?? ?? (jaja) —Thank you. ?? ??? (viô-khaqchi) —You are welcome. OVERVIEW ?? Dialect system: Wu Chinese ?? Region: Shanghai and surrounding areas ?? Speakers: ~14 million ?? History: ?? First appeared in 1077 AD ?? Formed based on dialects in Jiaxing and Suzhou ?? Experienced rapid growth during 1850-1950 ?? Began to wane after 1949 when Mandarin was introduced as the official language ?? Revived since 2005 by municipal government to retain local dialect http://www.beijingfeeling.com/shanghaitravel/ shanghai-language/ http://wu-chinese.com/zanhei/ ????——smart ?????——number one ?????—— ?“Chance” (opportunists) ?????——gossip ?????——Russian (refer to a soup in Shanghai) ??(?)???——lead (hint) ????——?“dear”, ?????——get?? (make friends) ????——?banker (big banker, rich people) ???/???——color (means modern) ????——dashy ????——on sale ?????——cement ?????——s??ck ?????—— cashmere ?????——dacron ????——pass ????——Show Hand (refer to the card game) ??????——spring ????——charter (taxi) ?????——corner ball ?????——starter ?????——lysol ????——bu??er Phrases Originated from English ESL/EFL Instruction Learner Backgrounds ?? Early exposure to English language: in Shanghai, students typically start to learn English in Kindergarten or Elementary school; all street signs in Shanghai have English translations. ?? Interaction with native English speakers: many schools in Shanghai hire native English speakers to teach spoken English ?? Media influence: English is commonly used and there are several radio stations, TV stations, and newspaper in English Shanghai Dialect and English ?? Cognates: many phrases in Shanghai dialect are cognates of English words; ?? Consonants: ?the Shanghai dialect consonants are similar to French and English; ?While Mandarin Chinese does not have voiced consonant, in Shanghai dialect, there are voiced consonants, such as plosives (b, d, g), and fricatives (v, z). ?Nasal sounds in Shanghai dialect are very similar to English (m, n, gn). ?? Vowels: ??The short vowels in Shanghai dialect are similar to the English and German short vowels such as in "itch" or the "e" in "gestapo." ??Shanghai dialect has no diphthongs, which is unique among Chinese dialects. ??English vowels exist in Shanghai dialect: a (ah), ei (late), i (meet), u (book), ou (shoe), ao (naught), ??Vowels in Shanghai dialect that do not exist in English: eu (duex), yu (in French and German) ?? Learner Challenges: ??the use of articles (a, an, the) ??the distinction of third person singular pronouns (he vs. she) ??verb tenses, proverbs and idioms Learning Shanghai Dialect ?? Dialects in China: http://www.hhqq.net/ ?? Learn Shanghai Dialect phrases: http://sh.eastday.com/xxshh/ ?? Search commonly-used phrases: http://www.shanghaidialect.com/ ?? Video Lessons: http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/video/shexpo/ expo_SHDialect_index.html Sources: ?? http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Shanghainese ?? http://wu-chinese.com/ zanhei/intro.html ?? http://www.douban.com/ ?? www.omniglot.com/ language/phrases/ shanghainese.php http://travelpod.com http://flikr.com