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Hypothesis 1: Gender affects if international students choose to live on or off campus. Question: 25,24 Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent 25. gender * 24. where do you live 124 99.2% 1 0.8% 125 100.0% Count 24. where do you live Total On Campus Off Campus 25. gender Male 15 73 88 Female 9 27 36 Total 24 100 124 Chi-Square Tests x Value df Asymptotic Significance (2-sided) Exact Sig. (2-sided) Exact Sig. (1-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 1.036a 1 .309 Continuity Correctionb .589 1 .443 Likelihood Ratio .998 1 .318 Fisher's Exact Test .325 .219 Linear-by-Linear Association 1.027 1 .311 N of Valid Cases 124 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 6.97. a. Computed only for a 2x2 table Analysis: Due to the high significance level of .325 it is concluded that there is no significance between gender and living on or off campus in regards to a chi-square test. Majority of international students in this sample have chosen to live off campus rather on campus regardless of gender. ?(maybe keep) this – Hypothesis one has proven there is some other unknown variable that affects why students have chosen to live off campus. Gathering evidence to discover this unknown variable would require further analysis with a more specific questionnaire. Hypothesis 2: Living on or off campus affects international students going to the International Student Office for assistance. Question: 24,7 Paired Samples Statistics Mean N Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Pair 1 24. where do you live 1.81 121 .394 .036 7. How many times 2.60 121 .890 .081 Paired Samples Correlations N Correlation Sig. Pair 1 24. where do you live & 7. How many times 121 -.102 .263 Paired Samples Test Paired Differences t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper Pair 1 24. where do you live - 7. How many times -.785 1.010 .092 -.967 -.603 -8.551 120 .000 Analysis: Living on or off campus affects whether students go to the ISO for assistance. International students that live off campus tend to visit the ISO more frequently than on campus students. Various factors such as proximity, visas, and other issues can increase this likelihood on why off campus student visit more frequently for assistance. The formal statistical analysis proves that there is significance between the two variables with a .000 significance, which is less than .05. The t-value is also -8.551, which enforces there is a link between the two variable. Further research must be conducted to research why on campus students are not visiting the ISO as frequently as on campus students. Skewness largely plays into effect as well, due to majority of international student living off campus. Hypothesis 3: Living on or off campus affects if international student belongs to a club or an organization. Question: 24,23 Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent 24. where do you live * 23. involved in club or org 123 98.4% 2 1.6% 125 100.0% Cross Tab 23. involved in club or org Total Yes No 24. where do you live On Campus 12 12 24 Off Campus 35 64 99 Total 47 76 123 Chi-Square Tests Value df Asymptotic Significance (2-sided) Exact Sig. (2-sided) Exact Sig. (1-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 1.755a 1 .185 Continuity Correctionb 1.190 1 .275 Likelihood Ratio 1.719 1 .190 Fisher's Exact Test .242 .138 Linear-by-Linear Association 1.741 1 .187 N of Valid Cases 123 Analysis: Living on or off campus does not affect if student belong to a club or organization, due to the level of significance being greater than .05. 64% of international students that live off campus are not involved in a club or an organization. International students that live on campus 50% of them are involved in a club or organization. The conclusion gathered from these findings nullifies the hypothesis and depicts there is no statistical significance between living on or off campus and being involved in a club or organization. ??? - From the total of 123 sampled international students who live on or off campus 62% of international students are not involved in a club or organization at all. Hypothesis 4: Gender affects what is most important to an international student at WKU. Question: 25. What is your gender? (Nominal 2 Categorical) 15. What is most important to you as a student at WKU? (Nominal More than 2 categorical) Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent 25. gender * 15. important to you as student 90 72.0% 35 28.0% 125 100.0% Cross Tab 15. important to you as student Total Quality of Education Location Friends / Family at WKU Clubs / Organizations Program of Study Financial Aid 25. gender Male 35 9 8 1 8 1 62 Female 17 1 3 1 5 1 28 Total 52 10 11 2 13 2 90 Chi-Square Tests Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 3.209a 5 .668 Likelihood Ratio 3.611 5 .607 Linear-by-Linear Association .319 1 .572 N of Valid Cases 90 a. 7 cells (58.3%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .62. Analysis: Majority of international student regardless of gender chose quality of education answer for the most important factor as a student at WKU. Differentiation occurred on other answers, where it was completely sporadic and had to correlation between male and female. The statistical significance between gender and what is important had a level of significance of .668, which is greater than .05. Hypothesis 5: Financial aid affects international students view on perceived quality of education at WKU. Questions: 27, 2 Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent 27. Financial aid received * 2. Satisfied with quality 120 96.0% 5 4.0% 125 100.0% Cross tab Count 2. Satisfied with quality Total strongly agree agree neutral disagree 27. financial aid received 0 - 1999 6 22 14 1 43 2000 - 4999 3 6 7 0 16 5000 - 7999 2 6 1 0 9 8000 - 9999 2 2 6 0 10 10000 or more 5 28 8 1 42 Total 18 64 36 2 120 Chi-Square Tests Value df Asymptotic Significance (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 13.178a 12 .356 Likelihood Ratio 14.095 12 .295 Linear-by-Linear Association .409 1 .522 N of Valid Cases 120 Analysis: The level of financial aid received by international students does not affect the perceived quality. The response of receiving 0-1999 in financial aid was aligned with participants agreeing they are satisfied with their quality of education. There is consistent evidence to the fact that quality of education and financial are not relationally linked. Formal statistical analysis reinforced the two variable are not linked with a significance level of .356, thus rejecting the hypothesis. Alternative factors such as financial assistance offered by other countries could be a factor, which was not explored in this questionnaire. Further research must be conducted that creates a viable link between financial assistance and quality of education. Hypothesis 6: Gender affects how comfortable international students are talking to the ISO. Questions: 25, 7 Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent 25. Gender * 7. How many times 121 96.8% 4 3.2% 125 100.0% Cross tab Count 7. How many times Total zero times one time 2-3 times 4-5 times six or more 25. gender Male 9 24 43 8 2 86 Female 6 10 17 1 1 35 Total 15 34 60 9 3 121 Chi-Square Tests Value df Asymptotic Significance (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 2.327a 4 .676 Likelihood Ratio 2.548 4 .636 Linear-by-Linear Association 1.181 1 .277 N of Valid Cases 121 Analysis: The international student body sample is skewed towards males, which accounts for a large portion of the sample group. This creates biased data in regards to questions that are based upon gender as the independent variable. The amount of times international students visit the ISO per semester does not differ from gender. Gender does not affect how many times a student visits the ISO, thus both male and female are comfortable talking to ISO. Formal statistical analysis further verified these findings and provided a level of significance of .676, which is greater than .05. Hypothesis 7: Nationality affects how many universities an international student applies to. Questions: 20, 9 Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent 20. nationality * 9. How many apply to 120 96.0% 5 4.0% 125 100.0% Crosstabulation Count 9. How many apply to Total one two three four five or more 20. nationality North America 1 0 0 0 1 2 Central America 0 0 1 0 0 1 South America 8 1 4 1 0 14 Asia 19 13 9 3 1 45 Middle East 23 11 5 2 2 43 Europe 1 0 1 0 0 2 Africa 2 5 3 2 1 13 Total 54 30 23 8 5 120 Chi-Square Tests Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 29.006a 24 .220 Likelihood Ratio 24.265 24 .447 Linear-by-Linear Association .455 1 .500 N of Valid Cases 120 Analysis: Regardless of nationality, there is no statistical significance between both nationality and the amount of universities. Majority of the nationalities applied to only one university, which has to be WKU, which makes this hypothesis invalid. Format statistical analysis also supported this claim, where the significance is .220, which is greater than .05. Hypothesis 8: Nationality affects how international students learned about WKU. Questions: 20, 10 Case Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent national*$Learn 124 99.2% 1 0.8% 125 100.0% national*$Learn Crosstabulation Learned About WKUa Total consultant wku social media friends and family teacher other websites 20. nationality North America Count 0 0 2 1 0 3 % within national 0.0% 0.0% 66.7% 33.3% 0.0% Central America Count 1 0 0 0 0 1 % within national 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% South America Count 5 1 8 1 2 17 % within national 29.4% 5.9% 47.1% 5.9% 11.8% Asia Count 14 14 23 10 6 67 % within national 20.9% 20.9% 34.3% 14.9% 9.0% Middle East Count 11 8 25 3 6 53 % within national 20.8% 15.1% 47.2% 5.7% 11.3% Europe Count 1 1 2 0 0 4 % within national 25.0% 25.0% 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% Africa Count 4 4 7 0 1 16 % within national 25.0% 25.0% 43.8% 0.0% 6.3% Total Count 36 28 67 15 15 161 Percentages and totals are based on responses. a. Group Analysis: Hypothesis 9: 21+ year old international students had uncertainty obtaining a visa or applying for admission at WKU. Questions: : 26, 11, 12 Paired Samples Statistics Mean N Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Pair 1 26. age 4.35 20 1.226 .274 11e. Visa immi - concerns attending WKU 5.00 20 .000 .000 Pair 2 26. age 4.03 36 1.404 .234 12b. visa - aspects of enrolling 2.00 36 .000 .000 Paired Samples Correlations N Correlation Sig. Pair 1 26. age & 11e. Visa immi - concerns attending WKU 20 . . Pair 2 26. age & 12b. visa - aspects of enrolling 36 . . Paired Samples Test Paired Differences t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper Pair 1 26. age - 11e. Visa immi - concerns attending WKU -.650 1.226 .274 -1.224 -.076 -2.371 19 .028 Pair 2 26. age - 12b. visa - aspects of enrolling 2.028 1.404 .234 1.553 2.503 8.667 35 .000 Analysis: Hypothesis 10: Living on or off campus affects the awareness of the new ISO honor college building. Questions: 24, 21 Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent 24. where do you live * 21. heard of new int building 121 96.8% 4 3.2% 125 100.0% 24. where do you live * 21. heard of new int building Crosstabulation Count 21. heard of new int building Total Yes No 24. where do you live On Campus 14 8 22 Off Campus 66 33 99 Total 80 41 121 Chi-Square Tests Value df Asymptotic Significance (2-sided) Exact Sig. (2-sided) Exact Sig. (1-sided) Pearson Chi-Square .074a 1 .786 Continuity Correctionb .001 1 .982 Likelihood Ratio .073 1 .787 Fisher's Exact Test .807 .484 Linear-by-Linear Association .073 1 .787 N of Valid Cases 121 a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 7.45. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table Analysis: Hypothesis 11: Living on or off campus affects international student’s ability to attain employment. Questions: 24, 11 live*$EnrollConern Crosstabulation EnrollConerna Total financial aid communicating home speaking english adjusting to customs visa or immigration religious accomodations feeling homesick transportation housing meeting new people employment class work 24. where do you live On Campus Count 12 16 21 10 8 13 10 7 9 7 3 7 24 % within live 50.0% 66.7% 87.5% 41.7% 33.3% 54.2% 41.7% 29.2% 37.5% 29.2% 12.5% 29.2% Off Campus Count 55 45 86 34 29 55 34 31 37 36 21 31 100 % within live 55.0% 45.0% 86.0% 34.0% 29.0% 55.0% 34.0% 31.0% 37.0% 36.0% 21.0% 31.0% Total Count 67 61 107 44 37 68 44 38 46 43 24 38 124 Percentages and totals are based on respondents. a. Group Analysis: Hypothesis 12: Age affects what’s most important to a international student. Questions: 26, 15 Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent 26. age * 15. important to you as student 90 72.0% 35 28.0% 125 100.0% 26. age * 15. important to you as student Crosstabulation Count 15. important to you as student Total Quality of Education Location Friends / Family at WKU Clubs / Organizations Program of Study Financial Aid 26. age 18 3 1 1 0 0 0 5 19 7 1 1 0 1 0 10 20 3 2 0 0 0 0 5 21 5 0 1 0 0 0 6 22+ 34 6 8 2 12 2 64 Total 52 10 11 2 13 2 90 Chi-Square Tests Value df Asymptotic Significance (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 12.042a 20 .915 Likelihood Ratio 14.959 20 .779 Linear-by-Linear Association 3.247 1 .072 N of Valid Cases 90 Analysis: Hypothesis 13: Gender influences why international student apply to WKU. Questions: 25, 16 Group Statistics 25. gender N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean InfluDec Male 63 1.41 .775 .098 Female 29 1.48 .986 .183 Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Means F Sig. t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference Std. Error Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper InfluDec Equal variances assumed .971 .327 -.369 90 .713 -.070 .190 -.448 .307 Equal variances not assumed -.338 44.564 .737 -.070 .208 -.488 .348 Analysis: Hypothesis 14: Gender influences why international student apply to WKU, but never enroll. Questions: 25, 17 Report 25. gender 17a. tuiton - accepted but never enroll 17b. friends - accepted but never enroll 17c. first pref - accepted but never enroll 17d. better opport - accepted but never enroll 17e. diff immigra - accepted but never enroll Male Mean 2.62 3.02 3.07 2.60 3.65 N 60 61 60 60 60 Std. Deviation 1.541 1.384 1.339 1.265 1.363 Median 2.00 3.00 3.00 2.50 4.00 Female Mean 2.97 3.72 2.48 2.28 3.66 N 29 29 29 29 29 Std. Deviation 1.476 1.032 1.379 1.251 1.471 Median 3.00 4.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 Total Mean 2.73 3.24 2.88 2.49 3.65 N 89 90 89 89 89 Std. Deviation 1.521 1.318 1.372 1.262 1.391 Median 2.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 4.00 Group Statistics 25. gender N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean NeverEnroll Male 61 1.95 1.117 .143 Female 29 2.59 1.350 .251 Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Means F Sig. t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference Std. Error Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper NeverEnroll Equal variances assumed 4.455 .038 -2.355 88 .021 -.635 .270 -1.172 -.099 Equal variances not assumed -2.201 46.871 .033 -.635 .289 -1.216 -.055 Analysis: Hypothesis 15: Gender and or age have an effect why international student enroll, but withdrew early. Questions: 25, 26, 18 18a. location - stay only few weeks 18b. fin aid - stay only few weeks 18c. employment - stay only few weeks 18d. diversity - stay only few weeks 18e. grades - stay only few weeks * 25. gender 25. gender 18a. location - stay only few weeks 18b. fin aid - stay only few weeks 18c. employment - stay only few weeks 18d. diversity - stay only few weeks 18e. grades - stay only few weeks Male Mean 2.87 2.87 3.27 2.98 3.02 N 61 61 60 59 59 Std. Deviation 1.668 1.420 1.163 1.225 1.559 Median 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 Female Mean 3.07 3.00 2.83 2.93 3.14 N 29 29 29 29 29 Std. Deviation 1.624 1.225 1.338 1.387 1.597 Median 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 Total Mean 2.93 2.91 3.12 2.97 3.06 N 90 90 89 88 88 Std. Deviation 1.648 1.355 1.232 1.273 1.564 Median 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 Analysis: