Ocean Ossification

Determine the best answers for the questions below. Always round appropriately. 1. Carbon dioxide and water combine to form carbonic acid. Carbonic acid in seawater negatively impacts oceanic environments. Acidified seawater can theoretically be neutralized through the addition of a base. One such base is calcium hydroxide. What products would be formed in the neutralization of carbonic acid with calcium hydroxide? In Canvas, type subscripts as full-size numbers. Don’t include symbols or coefficients but pay attention to them below. H2CO3 (aq) + Ca(OH)2 (aq) --à (s) + 2 (l) 2. Scientists estimate that 2 x 1016 g of calcium hydroxide would be required per year to counteract the effects of modern CO2 emissions (see equation below). This amount is impractical, but it suggests something about the rate at which CO2 is absorbed into the oceans. How many grams of CO2 are absorbed by the world’s oceans per year? CO2 (g) + Ca(OH)2 (aq) -à CaCO3 (s) + H2O (l) _______ g CO2 year/year 3. Your answer above should have units of g CO2 per year. To give you a better sense of this number, convert it to tons per hour. (1 ton = 2000 pounds exactly) (1 pound = 454 g) (there are two more unit factors you need to come up with on your own) Based on your answer, which of the following correctly completes the statement below? Oceans absorb an estimated ___________ tons of CO2 per hour. one billion one million ten thousand one thousand one hundred 4. Kurt House, a research fellow at MIT, was recently recognized for his novel strategy to counter ocean acidification. His idea is to use the sodium chloride in seawater to produce sodium hydroxide (a base), which could then be reintroduced to neutralize increased levels of carbonic acid. The equation to produce sodium hydroxide is shown below… NaCl (aq) + H2O (l) ----à NaOH (aq) + HCl (aq) In a scaled-down version of his process, 1.0 kg of seawater is used. This amount contains 966 g of water and 29.5 g NaCl. a. How much NaOH (aq) should be produced if the reaction gives 100% yield? Give your answer in grams. b. Which reactant is the “limiting reactant” in Question 4a? Choose one -------> NaCl H2O NaOH HCl c. Suppose only 15.6 g of NaOH are actually produced… What is the percent yield of the scaled-down reaction? 77.2% 0.729% 72.9% 0.722% over 100% 5. Another idea put forth to counteract ocean acidification is massive restoration of the oceans’ seagrass beds1 . New research indicates that seagrass does a better job of removing and sequestering CO2 than do dense forests. Seagrass absorbs CO2 to support its photosynthetic processes… CO2 (g) + H2O (l) ------> C6H12O6 (s) + O2 (g) Suppose you’re testing a newly-discovered species of seagrass that exhibits good tolerance of elevated ocean temperature. Under STP conditions, the seagrass specimen emits 1.62 L of oxygen gas. What mass of CO2 was absorbed and reacted to produce this amount of product? Give your answer in grams. 19 Medicare This assignment reinforces information in your textbook and concepts presented in this unit. Your responses should be thorough, well-conceived college-level responses that are grammatically correct. When you answer these questions, you must support your responses. You must justify your responses with facts and details from the readings, with your opinions and with your conclusions and interpretations. You will be graded on the accuracy and thoroughness of your responses. Please write in complete sentences unless otherwise directed. You should work on this assignment as you go through the chapter(s). You must complete this assignment by the unit due date. List two audiences that would benefit from an integrated system, and describe why and how they would benefit. Compare and contrast the roles that Medicare and Medicaid play in financing a continuum of services. What are the most important policy issues relating to financing services that must be faced at the federal and state levels? Explain two options for resolving each issue. Describe three principles that you would favor to guide long-term care policy making, and discuss the effect that each would have on legislation; please also cite examples. Define several core ethical principles relevant to the delivery of health care across the continuum. Describe barriers to accessing health care faced by people with disabilities and strategies for overcoming these barriers. Identify integrating mechanisms necessary to address the needs of persons with disabilities. Define consumer-directed home services, and discuss reasons for their growing popularity. Grading Rubric Written Assignment Grading Rubric Percent Student’s Score Content Answers are accurate and adequately meet all requirements. Answers are clearly and concisely written. 80% Written Communication Demonstrates proper written communication: grammar, spelling, word usage, syntax, composition. Demonstrates proper use of APA style where appropriate. 20% Total 100%