Synthesis Paper

Use the annotated bibliography and the outline and all the attached articles: Synthesis Paper (2,000-2,250 words) Synthesis is the act of creating something new from multiple existing entities. Synthesis of research, then, is creating a new idea from existing ideas. It is a process developed through time and practice. You will apply the synthesis process to the journal readings from the attached articles. As you synthesize, remember that Freud and the Psychodynamic and Psychoanalytic theory suggest that early stages of human development have a significant impact on our relationships and our Ego throughout the life span. This leads to the notion that manifested behavior is based on latent problems of the past. * Refer to the annotated bibliography and outline * Review all attached articles Directions: Locate the annotated bibliography and outline created. Using the outline developed, the information from the annotated bibliography, write a paper (2,000-2,250 words) that synthesizes all of the articles. Do that by including the following: 1. A statement of common themes addressed in each of the articles. A statement of the conclusions that can be drawn when the articles are taken together as a single entity. What is the overall message of the group of articles? Focus specifically on the key developmental terms, processes and challenges that individuals may face up through adulthood. Why are the unconscious mind, dreams, and ego defense mechanisms important to understand from the Psychoanalytic perspective? Be sure to address the notion that Freud and the Psychodynamic and Psychoanalytic theory suggest that early stages of human development have a significant impact on our relationships and our Ego throughout the life span. All attached articles will be used as sources. Outline 1. Introduction A. Introduce the psychoanalysis theory. It is a theory of personality organization and dynamics of personal development that guides psychoanalysis as a clinical method of treating psychopathology. B. Introduce the various psychoanalysis perspectives. • Clinical perspective • Theoretical perspectives C. Thesis statement: Though there is a raging debate about the contribution of Freud in contemporary psychoanalytical techniques, it is evident that he was instrumental in founding psychoanalysis on a biological underpinning. However, his interpretation of dream as disguised expressions that have no conscious meaning has been proved erroneous after numerous research by psychologists and Jungian analysts. 2. Background A. Explore the evolution of the psychoanalytical theory since the time of Freud. • Freudian contribution to contemporary psychoanalytic techniques. • Freud as a hermeneutics- explore Freudian role in interpreting patients’ stories. • Freud as a natural scientist- explores his perception of the human mind giving examples of the theory of infantile sexuality. • Interpretation of dreams- Explore Freudian explanation of dreams: wish fulfillments whose origins are found in infancy and a disguised expression of a latent content that has no conscious meaning. B. Explore contemporary psychoanalytic techniques. • The modern views of dream: ? Definition: A photographic or a pictorial representation of the self; a lucid snapshot of events that are going on or consequences of unresolved traumatic happenings or mourning, thus, a living and moving process that is characterized by a marked coherence. ? Values and Meaning: Alternative to deal with aspects of vulnerability and issues between the ego and self as physical death approaches. Personal dreams change throughout individuals’ lifecycle and represent the situation that an individual is facing. C. Explore the view of dreams as pictorial representation of experiences using credible research. D. Analyze available similarities between Freudian and contemporary psychoanalytical techniques. • Different views in psychoanalytical analysis such as dream. • The methodologies adopted by the traditional and contemporary psychoanalytical technique. E. Freud as a Philosopher of History. • Philosophy of History: A theoretical aspect of History that customary distinguishes speculative philosophy of History from the critical philosophy of history. Philosophers of History help the society to entangle itself from the deformed histories. • Main aspects of Philosophers of History. ? Rationalization ? Dialectic ? Alienation ? Contingency ? Explore • Freud as a Philosopher of History. 3. Moving towards reviving Freud’s view of a psychoanalytic science. A. The shift from the Freudian view of psychoanalytic science. • Assumptions and researches. ? Analytic process is inherently complicated since it analyzes structures processes and contents that are hard to operationalize such as the brain. ? Researching analytic encounters may disrupt the treatment process and invalidate the phenomena to be studied. B. Challenging the erroneous view and the process of change. • Explore the plausible strategies that can be used to challenge the view that psychoanalysis is not a science as perceived by Freud. This will involve strategies such as interpretation transference among others. C. Building bridges to promote change in perception. • Explore the various strategies that should be employed to promote the shift and the regard of psychoanalysis as a science rather than a theory. D. Implications. • Outline the various implications that such a shift will have on various training institutions such as on training and educating the psychoanalytic researchers among other impacts. 5. Issues to consider while writing the history of psychoanalysis in a specific country. ? Form opinions of psychoanalysis from both internal and external perspectives and analyze the consequences of differences that may appear. ? Training of psychoanalysts does not take place in government regulated educational institutions but in private institutions. As such, there is no accredited authorization for psychoanalytic professions, and there are no existing formal qualifications for psychoanalysts. ? Specific characteristics of psychoanalytic theory, such as the fact that man is a cultural being and the theory pertaining treatment of psychological distress. Thus, psychological analysis is both a theory and practice, as evidenced by the fact that psychoanalytic transmission is affected by both the spoken as well as the written words. ? The researcher should employ the use of archives since these are the actual physical space in which testimonials such as written records concerning psychoanalytic movement of a country are preserved. However, the researchers should be weary of the fact that psychoanalytical archives of a majority of the countries are unavailable. Sometimes the available archives may be inaccurate due to government censorships or even be sometimes distorted because of some social issues such as conflict, hence different manifestations by individuals. Thus, it is important for the researchers to conduct in-depth research to determine the truthful information. ? Recording history of psychoanalysis of a country is demanding and requires patience and utmost dedication from the researcher. 6. Conclusion References Hebbrecht, M., (2013).The Dream as a Picture of the Psychoanalytic Process. Romanian Journal of Psychoanalysis. 6(2), 123-142 Johansson, M., (2007). Historiography and Psychoanalysis. The International Forum of Psychoanalysis. 16(2), 103-112 Klüners, M. (2014).Freud as a Philosopher of History. The Journal of psychohistory. 42(1), 55-71. Newirth, J., (2015). Psychoanalysis’ Past, Present, and Future: Sherlock Holmes, Sir Lancelot, and the Wizard of Oz. Journal of Psychoanalytic Psychology. 32(2), 307–320. Perera, B., (2013).Circling, Dreaming, Aging. Journal of Psychological Perspectives. 56(1), 137–148 Schut, A. & Castonguay, L., (2001). Reviving Freud's Vision of a Psychoanalytic Science: Implications for clinical training and education. Journal of Psychotherapy. 38(1), 40-49 Summers, F., (2006) Freud’s Relevance for Contemporary Psychoanalytic Technique. Journal of Psychoanalytic Psychology. 23(2), 327–338. Outline 1. Introduction A. Introduce the psychoanalysis theory. It is a theory of personality organization and dynamics of personal development that guides psychoanalysis as a clinical method of treating psychopathology. B. Introduce the various psychoanalysis perspectives. • Clinical perspective • Theoretical perspectives C. Thesis statement: Though there is a raging debate about the contribution of Freud in contemporary psychoanalytical techniques, it is evident that he was instrumental in founding psychoanalysis on a biological underpinning. However, his interpretation of dream as disguised expressions that have no conscious meaning has been proved erroneous after numerous research by psychologists and Jungian analysts. 2. Background A. Explore the evolution of the psychoanalytical theory since the time of Freud. • Freudian contribution to contemporary psychoanalytic techniques. • Freud as a hermeneutics- explore Freudian role in interpreting patients’ stories. • Freud as a natural scientist- explores his perception of the human mind giving examples of the theory of infantile sexuality. • Interpretation of dreams- Explore Freudian explanation of dreams: wish fulfillments whose origins are found in infancy and a disguised expression of a latent content that has no conscious meaning. B. Explore contemporary psychoanalytic techniques. • The modern views of dream: ? Definition: A photographic or a pictorial representation of the self; a lucid snapshot of events that are going on or consequences of unresolved traumatic happenings or mourning, thus, a living and moving process that is characterized by a marked coherence. ? Values and Meaning: Alternative to deal with aspects of vulnerability and issues between the ego and self as physical death approaches. Personal dreams change throughout individuals’ lifecycle and represent the situation that an individual is facing. C. Explore the view of dreams as pictorial representation of experiences using credible research. D. Analyze available similarities between Freudian and contemporary psychoanalytical techniques. • Different views in psychoanalytical analysis such as dream. • The methodologies adopted by the traditional and contemporary psychoanalytical technique. E. Freud as a Philosopher of History. • Philosophy of History: A theoretical aspect of History that customary distinguishes speculative philosophy of History from the critical philosophy of history. Philosophers of History help the society to entangle itself from the deformed histories. • Main aspects of Philosophers of History. ? Rationalization ? Dialectic ? Alienation ? Contingency ? Explore • Freud as a Philosopher of History. 3. Moving towards reviving Freud’s view of a psychoanalytic science. A. The shift from the Freudian view of psychoanalytic science. • Assumptions and researches. ? Analytic process is inherently complicated since it analyzes structures processes and contents that are hard to operationalize such as the brain. ? Researching analytic encounters may disrupt the treatment process and invalidate the phenomena to be studied. B. Challenging the erroneous view and the process of change. • Explore the plausible strategies that can be used to challenge the view that psychoanalysis is not a science as perceived by Freud. This will involve strategies such as interpretation transference among others. C. Building bridges to promote change in perception. • Explore the various strategies that should be employed to promote the shift and the regard of psychoanalysis as a science rather than a theory. D. Implications. • Outline the various implications that such a shift will have on various training institutions such as on training and educating the psychoanalytic researchers among other impacts. 5. Issues to consider while writing the history of psychoanalysis in a specific country. ? Form opinions of psychoanalysis from both internal and external perspectives and analyze the consequences of differences that may appear. ? Training of psychoanalysts does not take place in government regulated educational institutions but in private institutions. As such, there is no accredited authorization for psychoanalytic professions, and there are no existing formal qualifications for psychoanalysts. ? Specific characteristics of psychoanalytic theory, such as the fact that man is a cultural being and the theory pertaining treatment of psychological distress. Thus, psychological analysis is both a theory and practice, as evidenced by the fact that psychoanalytic transmission is affected by both the spoken as well as the written words. ? The researcher should employ the use of archives since these are the actual physical space in which testimonials such as written records concerning psychoanalytic movement of a country are preserved. However, the researchers should be weary of the fact that psychoanalytical archives of a majority of the countries are unavailable. Sometimes the available archives may be inaccurate due to government censorships or even be sometimes distorted because of some social issues such as conflict, hence different manifestations by individuals. Thus, it is important for the researchers to conduct in-depth research to determine the truthful information. ? Recording history of psychoanalysis of a country is demanding and requires patience and utmost dedication from the researcher. 6. Conclusion References Hebbrecht, M., (2013).The Dream as a Picture of the Psychoanalytic Process. Romanian Journal of Psychoanalysis. 6(2), 123-142 Johansson, M., (2007). Historiography and Psychoanalysis. The International Forum of Psychoanalysis. 16(2), 103-112 Klüners, M. (2014).Freud as a Philosopher of History. The Journal of psychohistory. 42(1), 55-71. Newirth, J., (2015). Psychoanalysis’ Past, Present, and Future: Sherlock Holmes, Sir Lancelot, and the Wizard of Oz. Journal of Psychoanalytic Psychology. 32(2), 307–320. Perera, B., (2013).Circling, Dreaming, Aging. Journal of Psychological Perspectives. 56(1), 137–148 Schut, A. & Castonguay, L., (2001). Reviving Freud's Vision of a Psychoanalytic Science: Implications for clinical training and education. Journal of Psychotherapy. 38(1), 40-49 Summers, F., (2006) Freud’s Relevance for Contemporary Psychoanalytic Technique. Journal of Psychoanalytic Psychology. 23(2), 327–338.