Topic: Expanded outline and Introduction

Order Description Writing Assignment Three—Expanded Outline and Draft of Introduction The next step in your project will require you to write a draft of your essay’s introductory section and construct an outline for the rest of the paper that indicates where and how you will be using your sources. The outline, like the paper, should be structured in sections, and here a familiarity with the ‘five paragraph essay’ might prove useful as it actually provides a decent guideline for how to arrange your sections. There should be an introductory section, several ‘body’ sections that unfold your argument and a conclusory section. Each section should have a pithy title, and your outline should list under each section heading what sources will be deployed in that section, and which parts of them will be used. (i.e., the specific chapters and/or page numbers) Each of the main sections should also have at least one sub-point, though you are encouraged to add as many as you need. Meanwhile, the draft of your introductory section should perform all the functions of the age-old ‘introductory paragraph’: it should grasp the reader’s attention, preferably with an epigraph; it should succinctly state your argument’s premises and conclusion(s); and it should guide the reader into the next section. You will be graded firstly on completeness—are all of the main elements of the assignment present?—and secondly on grammar and style. --Sample Project Outline— I.) Introduction a.)The Historical and Literary Background i.)Development of modern libertarian movement in late twentieth-century -Brian Doherty, Radicals for Capitalism, chapters 2 and 6 ii.)Subsequent development of theories of anarchocapitalism by libertarian thinkers -Brian Doherty, Radicals for Capitalism, Chapter 5 iii.)Neal Stephenson, the creation of Snow Crash, the book’s popularity with anarchocapitalists -Entry for “Neal Stephenson” in The Science Fiction Handbook, Ed. Keith Booker and Anne-Marie Thomas, p.173 b.)My argument: Snow Crash is a critique of libertarian theories of anarchocapitalism (research question: “How might Neal Stephenson’s Snow Crash critique theories of anarchocapitalism?”) II.) First Claim: Stephenson portrays anarchocapitalism as having negative effects in Snow Crash a.)It leads to social balkanization and fragmentation i.)Book showcases homogenous communities that have little contact with each other -Example of the insulated nature of ‘burbclaves’, p.5 ii.)Racial segregation flourishes in the novel’s environment -Example of ‘White Columns’ “white-only” burbclave, p.32 -Example of ‘New South Africa’ “white-only” burbclave and ‘Metazania’ “African only” burbclave, p.82 b.)It allows for extreme inequality i.)Extreme wealth exists alongside extreme poverty -Example of wealthy L. Bob Rife, p.66 next to his destitute Bangladeshi employees, p.117 ii.)Book’s United States of the future lacks a middle class -Description of class structure on p.1, miniscule size of middle-income earners vs. incredibly poor on p.26 c.)It gives too much power to certain wealthy people and organizations i.)L. Bob Rife’s monopoly ii.)The Mafia -Description of Mafia’s unchecked power, Hiro’s subjection to it, p.6 III.) Second Claim: Stephenson portrays anarchocapitalism as being more inefficient and cumbersome than current economic system in Snow Crash a.)infrastructure development is disorganized and stagnant i.)competing roadway systems causes confusion, disorder -Theory of competing private roadways in Tremblay, Market Anarchy Explained, Chapter 4 -Roadway border disputes between ‘Fairlanes, Inc.’ and ‘Cruiseways, Inc.’ road-building companies, p. 7 ii.)L. Bob Rife’s ownership of all of the network infrastructure b.)law enforcement is inadequate and chaotic i.)competing law enforcement agencies create uncertainty and confusion -Theory of competing law enforcement in agencies in Murray Rothbard’s “For a New Liberty”, chapter 11 -YT’s run-in with the Metacops, p.45 in Snow Crash IV.) Third Claim: The social benefits proponents of anarchocapitalism argue their system would have do not appear inSnow Crash a.)There is no reduction in social conflict Claims anarchocapitalism will reduce social conflict in Friedman, p.123-125 Conflict between ‘Refus’ and native dwellers of US in Snow Crash, p.272 Conflict between Hiro and ‘New South Africa’ on p.300 b.)People’s quality of life has stagnated, not risen Claims anarchocapitalism will raise quality of life in Holcombe, p.276 Description of life in the city in Snow Crash, p. 5 Putatively ‘middle-class’ Hiro living in a rundown garage, p.105 c.)The extremely wealthy have more—not less—power over individuals of lesser means Claims anarchocapitalism ‘flattens’ power structure, in Rothbard Power and Market, p. 279-281 L. Bob Rife’s Monopoly on p. 114 of Snow Crash, the absolute power of corporate entities on p.25 V.) Conclusion a.)Recapping the case for my thesis b.)Implications (“So What?”) i.)The book is not an argument for anarchocapitalism, as others have claimed, but provides an argument against it ii.)Stephenson may not be the libertarian he is often portrayed as Bibliography Doherty, Brian. Radicals for Capitalism: A Freewheeling History of the American Libertarian Movement. PublicAffairs, 2009. Friedman, David. The Machinery of Freedom: Guide to a Radical Capitalism. Chu Hartley LLC, 2014. Godwin, Mike. “Neal Stephenson’s Past, Present and Future.” Reason. February 2005: p.15 Holcombe, Randall G. “The Role of Government.” Man, Economy and Liberty: Essays in Honor of Murray N. Rothbard. Eds. Llewellyn Rockwell, Jr. and Walter Block. Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2007. Print. “Neal Stephenson.” The Science Fiction Handbook. Ed. Keith Booker and Anne-Marie Thomas. Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. Rothbard, Murray N. For a New Liberty. Ludwig von Mises Institute, 1978. —. Power and Market. Ludwig von Mises Institute, 1970. —. The Ethics of Liberty. NYU Press, 2003. Stephenson, Neal. Snow Crash. Bantam Spectra, 1992. Tremblay, Francois. ‘But Who Will Build the Roads?’: Market Anarchy Explained. Xlibris, 2007. [*Draft of Introductory Section*] The Ethics of Burbclaves: Neal Stephenson’s Snow Crash as a Critique of Anarchocapitalism “All of the services commonly thought to require the State—from the coining of money to police protection to the development of law in defense of the rights of person and property—can be and have been supplied far more efficiently and certainly more morally by private persons. The State is in no sense required by the nature of man; quite the contrary.” (Rothbard Ethics 183) The statement above—a snippet from Murray N. Rothbard’s The Ethics of Liberty—typifies the libertarian vision of ‘anarchocapitalism’. It is a radical vision—but perhaps also a radically intriguing one. To the anarchocapitalist, government is an unnecessary, oppressive, violent and parasitic institution; the solution to the ills of society is to get rid of the state altogether, and allow capitalist markets to provide the services and functions typically attributed to government. Under this view, capitalism can run a peaceful society all by itself—the market mechanism is sufficient to regulate all that needs to be regulated. While an adamant anarchocapitalist would argue that their philosophy has been tried at various points in history—Medieval Iceland is always a popular example—it has really only been systematically articulated recently, with the rise of modernAmerican libertarianism. (Doherty 225-250) This movement—quite distinct from its European counterparts, which are better seen as an anarchist branch of socialist political philosophy—first rose to prominence in the 1960s, when Barry Goldwater’s run for president and his famous tome The Conscience of a Conservative brought it into the spotlight. Fundamentally, American libertarianism hearkened back to the ideals of classical liberalism and laissez faire economics and ideology, partly (in some analysts’ eyes) as a response to the direction FDR’s New Deal and its more interventionist policies had taken the country. By the 1970s, it had established its own publications and its own political party, and it was from within these alternative institutions that there emerged an avowedly anarchist and avowedly capitalist strain of libertarian thought, developed by political philosophers like Murray Rothbard, Hans Hermann Hoppe, Ludwig von Mises, David Friedman, and others. Their work serves as the foundation for the anarchocapitalist philosophy, and proved influential to many who identified themselves as libertarian. (Doherty 291-310) However, it was now-famous science fiction author Neal Stephenson who provided the richest and most famousanarchocapitalist thought-experiment. In 1992, when according to Mike Godwin he was still just a “soft-spoken grad student”, (Godwin 15) Stephenson published Snow Crash, a post-cyberpunk novel set in an anarchic United States that—its government having collapsed and its currency having hyperinflated—consists of a series of autonomous city-states. Given its widespread popularity it is little wonder that the book has attained iconic status among followers ofanarchocapitalism, who claim it represents their notion of an ideal society favorably; but is it really true that Snow Crashpaints their philosophy in a good light? In what follows, I will demonstrate that it most certainly does not, and that Snow Crash is in fact a lively, entertaining critique of the anarchocapitalist political model that articulates the flaws that would manifest themselves in an anarchocapitalist society. Name Professor Course Date Research Paper Outline Topic: Friction between Pakistan and India Introduction - Brief discussions on frication and what some of the causes of friction (Hajir) - Thesis of the paper which is to discuss the friction between Pakistan and India. Main Body - History of India (Hajir) - How the conflict between India and Pakistan emerged and what were the causes of the conflict (Peers) - Colonization of India by the British (Hajir; Lapierre, Dominique and Collins) - How the geographical and environmental aspects resulted to the conflict between India and Pakistan (Peers) . - Events that resulted to the friction between the two states that are still been experienced today (Lapierre, Dominique and Collins) - State of the present relationship between India and Pakistan and the factors that have been crucial in determining the nature of the relationship (Aggarwal) - Role that trade has played in the past and the roles that it could still play in the future as far as the relationship between India and Pakistan is concerned (Naseer) - Role that World Super powers such as USA, UK and China could play in the relationship between the two warring countries (Siddique; Smith; Summit; Soherwordi) - Other measures that can be adopted to minimize the tension between the two countries (Mussarat and Noor; Nasseer) Conclusions - Conflict between India and Pakistan - Causes of the conflict - Measures that can be adopted to address the conflict